GPS地壳形变和前兆信息与地震预测     

冒爱泉  张金华  胡伍生  吴栋 《现代测绘》2008,31(5)

地震预测仍然是一个世界性的难题,至今没有找到一种行之有效的地震预测方法。本文首先从地震预测的角度出发,探讨了GPS地壳形变监测在地震研究中所起的作用,并对其未来进行了展望。其次利用江苏省的前兆数据进行了地震预测尝试,尝试结果表明,地震预测效果良好。  相似文献   

Effects of Task Demand and Familiarity with Scenes in Visuospatial Representations on the Perception and Processing of Spatial Information     

Kinam Kim  Minsung Kim 《The Journal of geography》2018,117(5):193-204

This study examined the effects of task demand and familiarity on students' perception and processing of spatial information upon viewing visuospatial representations. Participants in South Korea were told that they would travel through an area, either drawing a map or observing the scenery depicted in photographs. The level of familiarity in the photographs was manipulated in three categories: neighborhood, Seoul (capital city of South Korea), and foreign cities. In two experiments, this study investigated students' eye movements, memory, and response sensitivity and bias. The results indicate that the participants in the map-drawing condition focused on structural information, such as routes, and that their memory of the scenes was more accurate. Moreover, the map-drawing group students were more sensitive and prudent in their responses. The increased level of familiarity also made students focus on structural information. The findings provide useful strategies for geography educators to use visuospatial representations.  相似文献   

通量均衡意义下中国大陆现今地壳垂直运动及梯度分布与构造活动的关系     

杨国华  马青 《大地测量与地球动力学》1992,(4)

本文在应绍奋等研究成果的基础上,利用作者所提出的方法重新处理了覆盖中国大陆(不包括海南省、台湾省等岛屿)900余万平方公里的垂直形变资料,给出了在通量均衡基准下中国大陆现今地壳垂直运动及其梯度的空间分布以及几大地块的平均速率和通量。由此得出以下认识:(1)现今地壳垂直运动与大陆所处的力场有较好的对应性。(2)现今地壳垂直运动具有明显的南升北降大趋势;以西部最为典型和强烈。(3)现今地壳垂直运动高梯度值带与地震带的分布有较好的吻合性。(4)现今地壳垂直运动的分群性与大陆各大地块的划分有较好的匹配性。  相似文献   

桐峪含金断裂特征分析     

魏刚锋 《地球科学与环境学报》1989,(2)

在桐峪地区的含金断裂带中,动力变质岩内大量出现的波状消光、变形纹、变形条带、扭折等现象有力地证明它们是韧性断层。韧性断层无论在时间上还是空间上都呈波浪状。波浪运动使金矿富集于其产状由陡变缓和平面的拐弯处。这类矿床可称之为动力变质热液矿床。  相似文献   

天山加里东晚期构造运动及其地质意义     

姜常义  吴文奎  杨复  莫少龙  李良辰 《地球科学与环境学报》1993,(4)

在南天山中段,上志留统阿尔皮什麦布拉克组经历了两期变质变形作用。下泥益统彩华沟组的变质变形特点及变质期与阿尔皮什麦布拉克组的蜕变质作用时期完全一致。这两套地层的走向有30°～40°的交角,其间有出露长达14Km的底砾岩和古风化壳,构成了代表加里东晚期构造运动的不整合面。  相似文献   

中国大陆现今垂直形变特征的初步探讨   总被引：25，自引：13，他引：12  

刘经南  姚宜斌  施闯  陶本藻  姜卫平 《大地测量与地球动力学》2002,22(3):1-5

利用GPS观测资料进行大范围的垂直形变特征研究是本文研究的重点。通过网络工程基准站和基本站的GPS观测资料，绘制了中国大陆的垂直速率等值线图像，并对中国大陆垂直运动特征进行了定性的分析，结果表明：中国大陆垂直运动在70％以上的区域表现为沉降运动，在青藏高原和除北京外的整个华北块体及燕山块体的垂直运动表现为隆升的趋势。中国大陆西北和东南、西南和东北的整体垂直运动呈一种斜对称状态。对基于GPS观测所得的等值线图与基于水观测所得的等值线图进行了比较，比较结果显示，除了华南块体外，二者在整体趋势上比较一致。  相似文献   

试论地貌圈概念、属性及其与其它地表圈层关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈志明  D.A.季莫菲耶夫  V.V. 勃朗古里耶夫  黄镇国  林钧枢  李国胜  徐乃煌  施少华  刘晓玫  蔡福祥  张伟强 《地球科学进展》2007,22(1):17-25

地貌圈作为地表圈层中的一个与人类生存、发展直接发生关系的圈层。它具有三维形态、物质结构及其运动与演化的四大属性，并在全球充分连续的基本圈层。主要以亚洲与邻区海陆地貌为例，通过地貌圈大中地貌以内动力为主而微地貌以外动力为主的成因概念及其形态、物质、运动与演化四大属性的基本事实，论证地貌圈存在的客观性及其在全球的连续性。论文在探讨地貌圈运动特征时，首次用岩石圈构造分层的现代概念，解析了现代板块边缘及其毗邻广大地区GPS所测试的地壳运动速度，普遍慢于以热点为参考架而确定的板块运动速度。最后，论文以地貌圈与其它地表圈层互相关系的简表，及其与内外环境圈的物质流与能量流等示意图，来呼吁加强地貌圈的基础与应用研究，这对推动地球科学及其与人类生存和可持续发展具有重要意义。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯地块西部构造研究中几个值得注意的问题   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王锋  赵红格 《中国地质》2007,34(3):392-399

基于20世纪70—80年代对鄂尔多斯地块西部构造的研究,所得出的地块西部南北统一的东西挤压逆冲推覆构造模式,随着目前该区油气勘探实践发展及研究的逐渐深入,已经越来越难以解释地质实际问题。同时,地块西部统一的东西向运动及南北成带的构造模式值得认真推敲;该区不存在大规模的前陆盆地;关于横向构造带、南北分区以及南北运动模式等问题的相继提出,说明随着研究的不断深入,地块西部区域构造的复杂性和多样性值得重新审视。在分析总结该区构造特征及发育模式时需要不断地加强全面研究,并对原有的认识进行不断的补充、修订和完善。  相似文献   

黔中隆起的形成时间及形成机制探讨   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

牛新生  冯常茂  刘进 《海相油气地质》2007,12(2):46-50

黔中隆起经历了水下和陆上两个发育阶段;都匀运动是这一发育转变的成因。问题的焦点是水下隆起的开始时间和都匀运动发生的具体时间。根据沉积相研究,受郁南运动控制,黔中隆起在下奥陶统桐梓组沉积期间已具雏形。对贵阳乌当发现的珊瑚化石Plasmoporella、Heliolites、Amsassia等重新厘定后认为黔中隆起大规模露出水面的时间为晚奥陶世五峰组沉积期结束之时,这也是都匀运动发生的时间。都匀运动本身,受到自南而北方向的滇桂—北越地块的挤压和南东—北西方向的加里东造山运动的挤压,因此在黔中及周缘地区形成了以黔中背斜、乌当—二比向斜为代表的东西向构造和以麻江背斜为代表的南北向构造并存的地质现象。  相似文献   

Post-collisional granitoids from the Dabie orogen in China: Zircon U–Pb age, element and O isotope evidence for recycling of subducted continental crust     

Zi-Fu Zhao  Yong-Fei Zheng  Chun-Sheng Wei  Yuan-Bao Wu 《Lithos》2007,93(3-4):248-272

While recycling of subducted oceanic crust is widely proposed to be associated with oceanic island, island arc, and subduction-related adakite magmatism, it is less clear whether recycling of subducted continental crust takes place in continental collision belts. A combined study of zircon U–Pb dating, major and minor element geochemistry, and O isotopes in Early Cretaceous post-collisional granitoids from the Dabie orogen in China demonstrates that they may have been generated by partial melting of subducted continental crust. The post-collisional granitoids from the Dabie orogen comprise hornblende-bearing intermediate rocks and hornblende-free granitic rocks. These granitoids are characterized by fractionated REE patterns with low HREE contents and negative HFSE anomalies (Nb, Ta and Ti). Although zircon U–Pb dating gives consistent ages of 120 to 130 Ma for magma crystallization, occurrence of inherited cores is identified by CL imaging and SHRIMP U–Pb dating; some zircon grains yield ages of 739 to 749 Ma and 214 to 249 Ma, in agreement with Neoproterozoic protolith ages of UHP metaigneous rocks and a Triassic tectono-metamorphic event in the Dabie–Sulu orogenic belt, respectively. The granitoids have relatively homogeneous zircon δ¹⁸O values from 4.14‰ to 6.11‰ with an average of 5.10‰ ± 0.42‰ (n = 28) similar to normal mantle zircon. Systematically low zircon δ¹⁸O values for most of the coeval mafic–ultramafic rocks and intruded country rocks preclude an AFC process of mafic magma or mixing between mafic and felsic magma as potential mechanisms for the petrogenesis of the granitoids. Along with zircon U–Pb ages and element results, it is inferred that the granitic rocks were probably derived from partial melting of intermediate lower crust and the intermediate rocks were generated by amphibole-dehydration melting of mafic rocks in the thickened lower crust, coupled with fractional crystallization during magma emplacement. The post-collisional granitoids in the Dabie orogen are interpreted to originate from recycling of the subducted Yangtze continental crust that was thickened by the Triassic continent–continent collision. Partial melting of orogenic lithospheric keel is suggested to have generated the bimodal igneous rocks with the similar crustal heritage. Crustal thinning by post-collisional detachment postdated the onset of bimodal magmatism that was initiated by a thermal pulse related to mantle superwelling in Early Cretaceous.  相似文献